SCIENTIFIC CONSULTATION BIBLIOGRAPHY
The way the electromagnetic field
rebalancerŽ functions can be explained with the recent
discoveries about the functioning of living organisms within the
sphere of the Quantum Field Theory. The operation of this device
is in relationship to the increase of negative ion concentration
in the air and in living material and to the decrease of
positive ions through magnetic potential, which does not
require great quantities of energy to be produced and allows
covering large spaces, much greater than those produced by
ionisers that use the Fields.
The use of potentials in place of the fields
is the consequence of a typical quantistic phenomenon known as
the “Aharonov-Boehm effect”, that the English-Chinese biologist
Mae-Wan Ho stated was at the basis of the ordered nature of
growth of the organs in a living body.
Below are the publications concerning the
studies and research regarding the above mentioned theories.
Taken from an interview with Prof. Emilio Del
Giudice
1
R.Arani, I.Bono, E.Del Giudice, G.Preparata 1995: “QED coherence
and the thermodynamics of water”, International Journal of
Modern Physics B, Volume 9, Issue 15, pp. 1813-1841 (1995).
Abstract
It is shown that when the density becomes larger than a critical
density an ensemble of water molecules evolves towards a coherent
ground state, where molecules oscillate in phase with the e.m. field.
At each temperature, liquid water is found to consist of a coherent
phase of molecules in such a ground state and of a normal phase,
whose population is determined by thermal excitations. The observed
thermodynamical quantities as well as their wellknown anomalous behaviors
are satisfactorily described by our theory.
2
C. F.Blackman, S.G.Benane, J.R.Rabinowitz, D.E.House, W.T.Joines
1985: “A role for the magnetic field in the radiation-induced
efflux of calcium ions from brain tissue in vitro”, Bioelectromagnetics,
327-337.
Abstract
Two independent laboratories have demonstrated that electromagnetic
radiation at specific frequencies can cause a change in the efflux
of calcium ions from brain tissue in vitro. In a local geomagnetic
field (LGF) at a density of 38 microTesla (microT), 15- and 45-Hz
electromagnetic signals (40 Vp-p/m in air) have been shown to induce
a change in the efflux of calcium ions from the exposed tissues,
whereas 1- and 30-Hz signals do not. We now show that the effective
15-Hz signal can be rendered ineffective when the LGF is reduced
to 19 microT with Helmholtz coils. In addition, the ineffective 30-Hz
signal becomes effective when the LGF is changed to +/- 25.3 microT
or to +/- 76 microT. These results demonstrate that the net intensity
of the LGF is an important variable. The results appear to describe
a resonance-like relationship in which the frequency of the electromagnetic
field that can induce a change in efflux is proportional to a product
of LGF density and an index, 2n + 1, where n = 0,1. These phenomenological
findings may provide a basis for evaluating the apparent lack of
reproducibility of biological effects caused by low-intensity extremely-low-frequency
(ELF) electromagnetic signals. In future investigations of this phenomenon,
the LGF vector should be explicitly described. If the underlying
mechanism involves a general property of tissue, then research conducted
in the ambient electromagnetic environment (50/60 Hz) may be subjected
to unnoticed and uncontrolled influences, depending on the density
of the LGF.
3
C.F.Blackman, J.P.Blanchard, S.G.Benane, J.R.Rabinowitz, D.E.House
1994: “Empirical test of an ion parametric resonance model
for magnetic field interactions with PC-12 cells”, Bioelectromagnetics,
239-260.
Abstract
Previous studies
demonstrated that nerve growth factor (NGF)-stimulated neurite
outgrowth (NO) in a continuous cell line, PC-12 , can be
inhibited by exposure to magnetic fields as a function of either
magnetic field flux density or AC magnetic field frequency.
This investigation determined whether the response of PC-12 to
magnetic
fields was consistent with the quasiperiodic, resonance-based
predictions of the ion parametric resonance (IPR) model described
in a companion
paper (Bioelectromagnetics 15:217-238, 1994; BENER Abstract
No. 10706). PC-12 was obtained from the Tissue Culture Facility
at the University
of North Carolina and grown at 37 C in conventional medium
with antibiotics. Except for controls, PC-12 cells were grown in
the presence of 5
ng/ml nerve growth factor, shown previously to induce NO in
approximately 50% of cells. Control cells were located away from
exposed cells
in a shielded area of the same incubator. Ambient AC (B(AC))
and DC (B(DC)) fields were measured within the incubator before
exposing
cells to prescribed sets of AC and DC fields. PC-12 samples
were exposed in the center of a pair of Helmholtz coils, aligned
coaxially
10-cm apart and energized as needed to adjust the ambient,
vertical DC magnetic field or to provide AC current for the creation
of sinusoidal
magnetic fields decreasing on the coil axis as a function of
distance from the coil. The exposure system also included a pair
of square
coils separated by 17 cm to reduce the horizontal components
of the ambient DC magnetic fields to < 2 mG. Cells were exposed for 23
hr beginning within 3 min after plating in collagen-coated Petri
dishes. Four separate tests or combinations of controllable variables
over a range of exposure conditions were employed to examine the
NO response of cells. For 3 of these tests, manganese (Mn++++), magnesium
(Mg++), and vanadium (V++++) were within 10% of their predicted resonance
peak, while calcium (Ca++) and iron (Fe+++) were far from resonance.
The remaining test was designed for "off resonance" states.
In the first test, cells were exposed to 45-Hz, sinusoidal magnetic
fields between 77 and 200 mG (rms); the AC magnetic field was colinear
with the DC magnetic field of 366 mG. NO declined with increasing
B(AC) between 77 and 200 mG (108-283 mG peak, rms), consistent with
the predictions of the IPR model. In test 2, which was replicated
4 times, a distinctive U-shaped response curve indicated the reduced
effectiveness in the inhibition of NO by 45-Hz sinusoidal magnetic
fields between 200 and 468 mG (284-662 mG, peak) when the AC magnetic
field was colinear with the DC magnetic field of 366 mG, again consistent
with the predictions of the IPR model. In test 3, exposure of cells
to B(AC) range 7.9-21 mG (11-29 mG, peak) AC magnetic fields with
a colinear 20-mG DC magnetic field, i.e. "off resonance" conditions,
produced a constant or flat response across this flux density range.
In test 4, cells were exposed to 25-Hz AC fields and B(AC) = 203
mG to give on-resonance conditions for the same set of ions as in
tests 1 and 2 at a different frequency. A U-shaped response was found
when %NO was plotted against B(AC)(rms) or against peak B(AC)/B(DC).
In all tests, cell responses as measured by %NO were consistent with
predictions of the IPR model. Results with the PC-12 system confirmed
the use of peak B(AC) values as the correct units for expressing
the flux density of the AC magnetic field, according to the IPR model.
As predicted by the IPR model, test 2, linked to test 1, showed an
apparent field strength "window." The need to include measurements
and relative orientation of B(DC) in all studies of potential
magnetic field interactions was noted. The authors concluded that
their experimental
results supported the validity of the fundamental approaches
proposed in the IPR model. Nevertheless, additional experiments to
define
the bandwidth of the frequency-dependent resonance response
and to test agreement between experimental results and predictions
over
an extended range of B(AC) are needed. (57 Refs).
4 J.P.Blanchard, C.F.Blackman 1994: “Clarification and application
of an ion parametric resonance model for magnetic field interactions
with biological systems” Bioelectromagnetics, 217-238.
Abstract
Theoretical models
proposed to date have been unable to clearly predict biological
results from exposure to low-intensity electric
and magnetic fields (EMF). Recently a predictive ionic resonance
model was proposed by Lednev, based on an earlier atomic spectroscopy
theory described by Podgoretskii and Podgoretskii and Khrustalev.
The ion parametric resonance (IPR) model developed in this
paper corrects mathematical errors in the earlier Lednev model
and extends
that model to give explicit predictions of biological responses
to parallel AC and DC magnetic fields caused by field-induced changes
in combinations of ions within the biological system. Distinct
response
forms predicted by the IPR model depend explicitly on the experimentally
controlled variables: magnetic flux densities of the AC and
DC magnetic fields (Bac and Bdc, respectively); AC frequency (fac);
and, implicitly,
charge to mass ratio of target ions. After clarifying the IPR
model and extending it to combinations of different resonant ions,
this
paper proposes a basic set of experiments to test the IPR model
directly which do not rely on the choice of a particular specimen
or endpoint.
While the fundamental bases of the model are supported by a
variety of other studies, the IPR model is necessarily heuristic
when applied
to biological systems, because it is based on the premise that
the magnitude and form of magnetic field interactions with unhydrated
resonant ions in critical biological structures alter ion-associated
biological activities that may in turn be correlated with observable
effects in living systems. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
5 L.Carra 1994: Onde Sospette, Roma, Editori Riuniti.
6
E. Del Giudice 2001: “Effetti di campi elettromagnetici
di bassa intensità e frequenza su sistemi di ioni”,
Seminario al Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università “Federico
II” di Napoli, 27 feb 2001.
7
G. Preparata 1999: “A new QED picture of water: understanding
a few fascinating phenomena”, pp. 108-29 di E. Sassaroli, J.
Swain, Y. Srivastava, A. Widom (a cura di), Singapore , World
Scientific.
8
A. R. Liboff 1985: “Cyclotron resonance in membrane transport”,
pp. 281-96 di A. Chiabrera, C.Nicolini, H.P.Schwan (a cura
di), Interactions between electromagnetic fields and cells
, New York e Londra, Plenum
Press.
Abstract
Although considerable experimental evidence now exists to indicate
that low-frequency magnetic fileds influence living cells, the mode
of coupling remains a mystery. We propose a radical new model for
electromagnetic interactions with cells, one resulting from a cyclotron
resonance mechanism attached to ions moving through transmembrane
channels. It is shown that the cyclotron resonance condition on such
ions readily leads to a predicted ELF-coupling at geomagnetic levels.
This model quantitatively explains the results reported by Blackman
et al. (1984), identifying the focus of magnetic interaction in these
experiments as K+ charge carriers. The cyclotron resonance concept
is consistent with recent indications showing that many membrane
channels have helical configurations. This model is quite testable,
can probably be applied to other circulating charge components within
the cell and, most important, leads to the feasibility of direct
resonant electromagnetic energy transfer to selected compartments
of the cell.
9
S. D. Smith, B. R. McLeod 1987: “Experimental evidence for
ion cyclotron resonance mediation of membrane transport”, pp.
109-32 di M. Blank, E. Findl (a cura di), Mhecanistic approaches
to interactions of electric and electromagnetic fields with
living systems, New York e Londra, Plenum Press.
10
S. D. Smith, B. R. McLeod, A. R. Liboff, K. Cooksey 1987: “Calcium
cyclotron resonance and diatom mobility”, Bioelectromagnetics
, 215-227.
Abstract
The hypothesis that movement of biological ions may be predicted
by cyclotron resonance theory applied to cell membranes is tested
in these experiments. Diatoms (Amphora coffeaeformis) were chosen
as the biosystem since they move or don't move, depending on how
much calcium is transported across the membrane. The experiments
demonstrate that a particular ion (calcium) is apparently moved across
the cell membrane in response to the DC and AC values of magnetic
flux densities (B) and the frequency derived from the cyclotron resonance
theory. A clear resonance is shown and a rather sharp frequency response
curve is demonstrated. The experiments also show a dose response
as the AC value of the flux density is varied, and that odd harmonics
of the basic cyclotron frequency are also effective.
11 H. Frolich (ed.) «Coherent excitations in biological systems» Springer,
1983 Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, P.O. Box
147, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
Abstract
From theoretical considerations, three types of coherent excitations
of biological systems have been suggested: (i) vibrations of membranes
and of proteins with frequencies above 109 Hz; (ii) near static excitation
of a highly polar metastable state; and (iii) low frequency periodic
enzyme reactions. Recent experimental evidence is discussed.
12
H. Frolich (ed.) «Biological coherence and response to
external stimuli» Springer, 1988
(This book presents an extensive treatment of the introduction of
modern physical concepts into biology. In particular, the concept
of coherence finds wide applications and yields novel results in
context with multiple problems as they arise in biology: these include
long range resonant cellular effects and resonant interactions of
biological tissues with low intensity electro-magnetic radiation.
Extensive experimental support of the theoretical concept is presented).
13
F. Bistolfi «Campi magnetici in medicina» Minerva
Medica, 1991
14
C.W. Smith and S. Best «The Electromagnetic man» Dent,
London, 1989
15 C.F. Blackman et al. «A role for the magnetic field in the
radiaton induced efflux of calcium ions from brain tissue in vitro»,
Bioelectromagnetics, 6, Pag. 327-337, 1985
16
M.N. Zhadin et al. «Combined action of static and alternating
magnetic fields on ionic currents in aqueous glutamic acid solution»,
Bioelectromagnetics, 19, Pag. 41-45, 1998
Abstract
Combined parallel
static and alternating magnetic fields cause a rapid change in
the ionic current flowing through an aqueous glutamic
acid solution when the alternating field frequency is equal
to the cyclotron frequency. The current peak is 20-30% of the background
direct current. The peak is observed with slow sweep in the
alternating
magnetic field frequency from 1 Hz-10 Hz. Only one resonance
peak in the current is observed in this frequency range. The frequency
corresponding to the peak is directly proportional to the static
magnetic field. The above effect only arises at very small
alternating
field amplitude in the range from 0.02 T-0.08 T. Bioelectromagnetics
19:41-45, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
17
E. Del Giudice, M. Fleischmann, G. Preparata, G. Talpo «On
the 'unreasonable ' effects of E.L.F. magnetic fields upon a system
of ions», to by published in Bioelectromagnetics, 1999
Abstract
A recent experiment
on a physical, nonbiological system of ions at room temperature
has proved that microscopic ion currents can
be induced by applying simultaneously two parallel magnetic
fields, one rather weak static field, B[0] and one much weaker
alternating
field, B[a][c], [B[a][c] ~ 10[-][3] B[0]] whose frequency coincides
with the cyclotron frequency v = qB[0]/2pm of the selected
ion. As a result, ionic bursts lasting up to 20 s and with amplitude
up to
10 nA arise. The much larger exchanges of energy induced by
thermal agitation (the "kT-problem") appear to play no
role whatsoever. We have analyzed this problem in the framework
of coherent quantum
electrodynamics, reaching the following conclusions: (a) as
has been shown in previous articles, water molecules in the liquid
and solute
ions are involved in their ground state in coherent ordered
configurations; (b) ions are able to move without collisions among
themselves in
the interstices between water coherence domains; (c) because
of coherence, ions can follow classical orbits in the magnetic
fields. A full quantitative
understanding of the experiments is thus reached.
18
G. Preparata «Qed coherence in matter», World Scientific,
1995 Up until now the dominant view of condensed matter physics has
been that of an "electrostatic MECCANO" (erector set, for
Americans).
This book is
the first systematic attempt to consider the full quantum-electrodynamical
interaction (QED), thus greatly enriching the possible dynamical
mechanisms that operate in the construction of the wonderful
variety of condensed matter systems, including life itself. A new
paradigm
is emerging, replacing the "electrostatic MECCANO" with
an "electrodynamic NETWORK," which builds condensed matter
through the long range (as opposed to the "short range" nature
of the usual electrostatic forces) electrodynamical interaction;
this interaction creates "coherent configurations" of the
elementary systems (atoms and molecules), which oscillate in
phase with a coherent macroscopic (and classical) electromagnetic
field
that, through the strong interaction with matter, remains trapped
inside it.
Contents:
Quantum Field Theory of Matter and Radiation
The Dynamics of QED in Condensed Matter
QED of Two-Level Systems
QED Coherence in the Two Helium Isotopes
QFT of Plasmas: Ideal and Real
Superconductivity, Cold and Hot
Joe Weber's Physics
Towards a Theory of Cold Fusion Phenomena
QED Coherence in Ferromagnetism
Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Water
A Far Reaching Analogy: QCD Coherence in Nuclear Matter
19
E. Del Giudice, G. Preparata in E. Sassaroli et al. «Macroscopic
Quantum Coherence» Pag.108-129 World Scientific, 1998
20
Del Giudice, G. Preparata, M. Fleischmann «QED coherence
and electrolyte solutions» Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry,
2000
Abstract
In the framework of quantum electrodynamics (QED), the universally
accepted theory of ordinary condensed matter, we analyse a system
of ions dissolved in water. Contrary to the common opinion that for
aqueous solutions in normal conditions, QED can be well approximated
by classical physics or by the semiclassical approximations of molecular
dynamics, we find for such systems QED solutions of a very different
nature. Such solutions appear to solve several paradoxes that plague
the conventional approaches. Our main result is that ions dissolved
in water are not in a gaseous state, but settle ina coherent configuration,
where they perform plasma oscillations in resonance with a coherent
electromagnetic field, thus providing a satisfactory understanding
of the thermodynamics of electrolytes. In this new framework, we
also find a simple explanation of the phenomenon of osmosis. (C)
2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved
21 V. Novikov, A.V. Karnaukov «Mechanism of action of Weak
Electromagnetic Field on ionic Currents in Acqueous Solutions of
Amino Acids» Bioelectromagnetics Pag.18-25, 1997
22
E. Rodriguez et al. «Perception's shadow: long-distance
syncronization of human brain activity» Nature, Pag. 430-433
vol. 397 ,1999
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